12,478 research outputs found
Detection of Anomalous Reactor Activity Using Antineutrino Count Rate Evolution Over the Course of a Reactor Cycle
This paper analyzes the sensitivity of antineutrino count rate measurements
to changes in the fissile content of civil power reactors. Such measurements
may be useful in IAEA reactor safeguards applications. We introduce a
hypothesis testing procedure to identify statistically significant differences
between the antineutrino count rate evolution of a standard 'baseline' fuel
cycle and that of an anomalous cycle, in which plutonium is removed and
replaced with an equivalent fissile worth of uranium. The test would allow an
inspector to detect anomalous reactor activity, or to positively confirm that
the reactor is operating in a manner consistent with its declared fuel
inventory and power level. We show that with a reasonable choice of detector
parameters, the test can detect replacement of 73 kg of plutonium in 90 days
with 95% probability, while controlling the false positive rate at 5%. We show
that some improvement on this level of sensitivity may be expected by various
means, including use of the method in conjunction with existing reactor
safeguards methods. We also identify a necessary and sufficient daily
antineutrino count rate to achieve the quoted sensitivity, and list examples of
detectors in which such rates have been attained.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figures, submitted to J. Appl. Phy
A mobile antineutrino detector with plastic scintillators
We propose a new type segmented antineutrino detector made of plastic
scintillators for the nuclear safeguard application. A small prototype was
built and tested to measure background events. A satisfactory unmanned field
operation of the detector system was demonstrated. Besides, a detailed Monte
Carlo simulation code was developed to estimate the antineutrino detection
efficiency of the detector.Comment: 23 pages, 11 figures; accepted for publication in Nuclear Instruments
and Methods in Physics Research
Cosmic Optical Background: the View from Pioneer 10/11
We present the new constraints on the cosmic optical background (COB)
obtained from an analysis of the Pioneer 10/11 Imaging Photopolarimeter (IPP)
data. After careful examination of data quality, the usable measurements free
from the zodiacal light are integrated into sky maps at the blue (~0.44 um) and
red (~0.64 um) bands. Accurate starlight subtraction is achieved by referring
to all-sky star catalogs and a Galactic stellar population synthesis model down
to 32.0 mag. We find that the residual light is separated into two components:
one component shows a clear correlation with thermal 100 um brightness, while
another betrays a constant level in the lowest 100 um brightness region.
Presence of the second component is significant after all the uncertainties and
possible residual light in the Galaxy are taken into account, thus it most
likely has the extragalactic origin (i.e., the COB). The derived COB brightness
is (1.8 +/- 0.9) x 10^(-9) and (1.2 +/- 0.9) x 10^(-9) erg/s/cm2/sr/A at the
blue and red band, respectively, or 7.9 +/- 4.0 and 7.7 +/- 5.8 nW/m2/sr. Based
on a comparison with the integrated brightness of galaxies, we conclude that
the bulk of the COB is comprised of normal galaxies which have already been
resolved by the current deepest observations. There seems to be little room for
contributions of other populations including "first stars" at these
wavelengths. On the other hand, the first component of the IPP residual light
represents the diffuse Galactic light (DGL) - scattered starlight by the
interstellar dust. We derive the mean DGL-to-100 um brightness ratios of 2.1 x
10^(-3) and 4.6 x 10^(-3) at the two bands, which are roughly consistent with
the previous observations toward denser dust regions. Extended red emission in
the diffuse interstellar medium is also confirmed.Comment: Accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal; Typos
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Transport properties of ybco thin films near the critical state with no applied field
Transport measurements carried out on twinned ybco films are compared to the
predictions of a previously proposed model suggesting that the vortices move
along the films twin boundaries that behave as rows of Josephson weak links
[P.Bernstein and J.F.Hamet, J.Appl.Phys.95 (2004) 2569]. The obtained results
suggest that, except if the films are very thin, the twin boundaries consist of
superimposed rows of weak links with mean height,ds, whose mean length along
the TBs is an universal function of T/Tc, the reduced temperature. This
conclusion yields a general expression for the critical surface current density
of the films as a function of T/Tc and of the number of superimposed weak links
rows, while the critical current density depends on ds. A comparison of the
measurements reported by various authors shows that the nature of the substrate
and the growth technique have both a strong effect on ds . The existence of
superimposed weak links rows is attributed to extended defects generated by
y2o3 inclusions.Comment: 33 pages, 13 figures; accepted for publication in Physica
A sharp stability criterion for the Vlasov-Maxwell system
We consider the linear stability problem for a 3D cylindrically symmetric
equilibrium of the relativistic Vlasov-Maxwell system that describes a
collisionless plasma. For an equilibrium whose distribution function decreases
monotonically with the particle energy, we obtained a linear stability
criterion in our previous paper. Here we prove that this criterion is sharp;
that is, there would otherwise be an exponentially growing solution to the
linearized system. Therefore for the class of symmetric Vlasov-Maxwell
equilibria, we establish an energy principle for linear stability. We also
treat the considerably simpler periodic 1.5D case. The new formulation
introduced here is applicable as well to the nonrelativistic case, to other
symmetries, and to general equilibria
Multiobjective parsimony enforcement for superior generalisation performance
Program Bloat - phenomenon of ever-increasing program size during a GP run - is a recognised and widespread problem. Traditional techniques to combat program bloat are program size limitations of parsimony pressure (penalty functions). These techniques suffer from a number of problems, in particular their reliance on parameters whose optimal values it is difficult to a priori determine. In this paper, we introduce POPE-GP, a system that makes use of the NSGA-II multiobjective evolutionary algorithm as an alternative, parameter-free technique for eliminating program bloat. We test it on a classification problem and find that while vastly reducing program size, it does improve generalisation performance
Using schema transformation pathways for data lineage tracing
With the increasing amount and diversity of information available on the Internet, there has been a huge growth in information systems that need to integrate data from distributed, heterogeneous data sources. Tracing the lineage of the integrated data is one of the problems being addressed in data warehousing research. This paper presents a data lineage tracing approach based on schema transformation pathways. Our approach is not limited to one specific data model or query language, and would be useful in any data transformation/integration framework based on sequences of primitive schema transformations
Screening magnetic fields by a superconducting disk: a simple model
We introduce a simple approach to evaluate the magnetic field distribution
around superconducting samples, based on the London equations; the elementary
variable is the vector potential. This procedure has no adjustable parameters,
only the sample geometry and the London length, , determine the
solution. The calculated field reproduces quantitatively the measured induction
field above MgB disks of different diameters, at 20K and for applied fields
lower than 0.4T. The model can be applied if the flux line penetration inside
the sample can be neglected when calculating the induction field distribution
outside the superconductor. Finally we show on a cup-shape geometry how one can
design a magnetic shield satisfying a specific constraint
Dissipative control of energy flow in interconnected systems
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/76668/1/AIAA-1993-3770-736.pd
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